PICU Living Clinical Practice Guidance for prevention and management of pain, agitation, neuromuscular blockade, delirium and drug withdrawal in critically ill, ventilated children <16 yrs of age

Warning

Objectives

The guidance contained below represents our first steps to incorporate the 2022 PANDEM pain/sedation/analgesia/neuromuscular blockade/ delirium & drug withdrawal recommendations into local PICU practice. This is a large and wide ranging piece of work which is being considered as a "living guideline" and will be subject to regular updates as work progresses to adapt the evidence to local practice.

The Initiation and Maintenance/Weaning flowcharts are for guidance only and should not be regarded as proscriptive.

Scope

This document set and external links are intended for the guidance of all healthcare professionals caring for critically ill (PCCS Level 2/3/4+) patients who are receiving analgesia or sedation, or weaning from analgesia and sedation, in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow.

Audience

All medical nursing and allied health professionals within the PICU at RHC Glasgow.

1. Sedation and analgesia initiation flowchart

2. Sedation and analgesia maintenance and weaning flowchart

3. Drug information quick reference guide - IV opiate and sedation

4. Drug information quick reference guide - enteral sedation and opiates

How to perform and interpret a COMFORT-B score with a FACES pain score

How to screen infants and children for delirium using the CAP-D score

How to screen infants and children for delirium using the CAP-D score

In this 5 minute video presentation, Dr Jennie Craske will take you through using the CAPD tool to correctly screen intubated and extubated patients for delirium. Her video will include

  • Overview of CAPD
  • When to perform a CAPD assessment
  • How to perform a CAPD assessment
  • Anchor points for patients under 2 years of age
  • Sample patient with hypoactive delirium

https://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/uk-paediatric-delirium-group/EducationResources/HowtoscreenwithCAPD/

Editorial Information

Last reviewed: 23/03/2026

Next review date: 31/03/2028

Author(s): J Armour-Marshall, C Begg, C Gillis, E Henderson, C Lamb, P McDonald, M McGale, I McKevitt, L Wiliams, N. Wilson, L Woodgate.

Version: 1

Approved By: PICU Neurocognitive Care Working Group